Most accounts incorrectly attribute this story to the historian Herodotus , who wrote the history of the Persian Wars in his Histories composed about BC. However, Magill and Moose suggest that the story is likely a "romantic invention.
Robert Browning gave a version of the traditional story in his poem Pheidippides. So, when Persia was dust, all cried, "To Acropolis! Run, Pheidippides, one race more! Athens is saved, thank Pan , go shout!
This poem inspired Baron Pierre de Coubertin and other founders of the modern Olympic Games to invent a running race of 42 km called the marathon. In any case, no such story appears in Herodotus. Before they left the city, the Athenian generals sent off a message to Sparta.
The messenger was an Athenian named Pheidippides, a professional long-distance runner. According to the account he gave the Athenians on his return, Pheidippides met the god Pan on Mount Parthenium, above Tegea. Pan, he said, called him by name and told him to ask the Athenians why they paid him no attention, in spite of his friendliness towards them and the fact that he had often been useful to them in the past, and would be so again in the future.
The Athenians believed Pheidippides's story, and when their affairs were once more in a prosperous state, they built a shrine to Pan under the Acropolis, and from the time his message was received they held an annual ceremony, with a torch-race and sacrifices, to court his protection.
On the occasion of which I speak - when Pheidippides, that is, was sent on his mission by the Athenian commanders and said that he saw Pan - he reached Sparta the day after he left Athens and delivered his message to the Spartan government. It was the ninth day of the month, and they said they could not take the field until the moon was full. So they waited for the full moon, and meanwhile Hippias , the son of Pisistratus , guided the Persians to Marathon.
The significance of this story is to be understood in the light of the legend that the god Pan returned the favor by fighting with the Athenian troops and against the Persians at Marathon. This was important because Pan, in addition to his other powers, had the capacity to instill an irrational, blind fear that paralyzed the mind and suspended all sense of judgment— panic.
Herodotus , writing about 30 to 40 years after the events he describes, did, according to Miller in fact base his version of the battle on eyewitness accounts, [7] so it seems altogether likely that Pheidippides was an actual historical figure, although the same source claims the classical author did not ever, in fact, mention a Marathon-Athens runner in any of his writings.
Whether the story is true or not, it has no connection with the Battle of Marathon itself, and Herodotus's silence on the subject of a herald running from Marathon to Athens suggests strongly that no such event occurred. Pheidippides is said to have run from Marathon to Athens to deliver news of the victory of the battle of Marathon.
Philippides, the one who acted as messenger, is said to have used it first in our sense when he brought the news of victory from Marathon and addressed the magistrates in session when they were anxious how the battle had ended; "Joy to you, we've won" he said, and there and then he died, breathing his last breath with the words "Joy to you".
The modern use of the word dates back to Philippides the dispatch-runner. Bringing the news of the victory at Marathon, he found the archons seated, in suspense regarding the issue of the battle. The traditional story relates that Pheidippides — BCE , an Athenian herald, or hemerodrome translated as "day-runner", "courier", "professional-running courier" or "day-long runner" , was sent to Sparta to request help when the Persians landed at Marathon, Greece.
He ran about km mi in two days, and then ran back. Most accounts incorrectly attribute this story to the historian Herodotus , who wrote the history of the Persian Wars in his Histories composed about BCE. However, Magill and Moose suggest that the story is likely a "romantic invention". They point out that Lucian is the only classical source with all the elements of the story known in modern culture as the "Marathon story of Pheidippides": A messenger running from the fields of Marathon to announce victory, then dying on completion of his mission.
Robert Browning gave a version of the traditional story in his poem Pheidippides. Mention of a " fennel -field" is a reference to the Greek word for fennel, marathon , the origin of the name of the battlefield. This poem inspired Baron Pierre de Coubertin and other founders of the modern Olympic Games to invent a running race of approximately 40 km 25 miles called the marathon.
It was this poem which inspired Baron Pierre de Coubertin and other founders of the modern Olympic Games to invent a running race of 42 km called the Marathon. The story is controversial for anyone who suspects that Athenians would more likely have sent the messenger on horseback.
However, it may have been possible that they used a runner, as a horse's movements would have been hindered by the rocky, mountainous terrain. Furthermore, humans are unusually good distance runners. Most animals tend to collapse of hyperthermia which in humans is called heat exhaustion after 10 to 15 km 6 to 9 miles.
In any case, no such story appears in Herodotus. Before they left the city, the Athenian generals sent off a message to Sparta. The messenger was an Athenian named Pheidippides, a professional long-distance runner.
According to the account he gave the Athenians on his return, Pheidippides met the god Pan on Mount Parthenium, above Tegea. Pan, he said, called him by name and told him to ask the Athenians why they paid him no attention, in spite of his friendliness towards them and the fact that he had often been useful to them in the past, and would be so again in the future. The Athenians believed Pheidippides's story, and when their affairs were once more in a prosperous state, they built a shrine to Pan under the Acropolis, and from the time his message was received they held an annual ceremony, with a torch-race and sacrifices, to court his protection.
On the occasion of which I speak - when Pheidippides, that is, was sent on his mission by the Athenian commanders and said that he saw Pan - he reached Sparta the day after he left Athens and delivered his message to the Spartan government. It was the ninth day of the month, and they said they could not take the field until the moon was full.
So they waited for the full moon, and meanwhile Hippias , the son of Pisistratus , guided the Persians to Marathon. The significance of this story is only understood in the light of the legend that the god Pan returned the favor by fighting with the Athenian troops and against the Persians at Marathon.
This was important because Pan, in addition to his other powers, had the capacity to instill the most extreme sort of fear, an irrational, blind fear that paralysed the mind and suspended all sense of judgment — panic. Herodotus, writing about 30 to 40 years after the events he describes, did, according to Miller in fact base his version of the battle on eyewitness accounts, [8] so it seems altogether likely that Pheidippides was an actual historical figure, although the same source claims the classical author didn't ever in fact mention a Marathon-Athens runner in any of his writings.
For sure, if someone ran the km over rough roads from Athens to Sparta within two days, it would be an achievement worthy of remembrance. Whether the story is true or not, it has no connection with the Battle of Marathon itself, and Herodotus's silence on the subject of a herald running from Marathon to Athens suggests strongly that no such event occurred.
The first known written account of a run from Marathon to Athens occurs in the works of the Greek writer Plutarch 46— , in his essay On the Glory of Athens. Plutarch attributes the run to a herald called either Thersippus or Eukles. Lucian , a century later, credits one "Philippides. Based on this account, British RAF Wing Commander John Foden and four other RAF officers travelled to Greece in on an official expedition to test whether it was possible to cover the nearly kilometres in a day and a half.
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