The various changes that occur in the respiratory system of elderly individuals result in an increased risk for a variety of respiratory diseases. In order to understand respiratory diseases that occur in elderly individuals, it is important to recognize aging-related changes in the respiratory system. Based on a thorough understanding of these changes, it might be possible to take appropriate steps to protect elderly individuals against respiratory diseases and to manage these diseases adequately when they occur.
If we make understand the changes in respiratory function that occur with increasing age, there is meaningful results in maintaining a healthy life. Editorial Board. Age-related Autoimmune Changes in Lacrimal Glands. Korean Association of Medical Journal Editors. E-mail: koreamed kamje. Kosin Med J. Published online June 29, Aging of the respiratory system.
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Residual volume RV is the amount of air left in the lungs after a full exhalation. This air cannot be expelled and it helps keep the alveoli the small air sacs that make up the lungs open at all times. Residual volume is determined by two competing factors. The lungs are never completely empty; there is always some air left in the lungs after a maximal exhalation. The air that remains in the lungs is needed to help keep the lungs from collapsing.
If this residual volume did not exist and the lungs were completely empty, the tissues that make up the lung would could and stick together, making it almost impossible for us to re-inflate and force them open with effort. Residual volume is necessary for breathing and proper lung function. This air that remains in the lungs is also important for preventing large fluctuations in respiratory gases—oxygen O2 and carbon dioxide CO2.
The residual volume is the only lung volume that cannot be measured directly because it is impossible to completely empty the lung of air. This volume can be calculated, rather than directly measured. In healthy lungs, the air that makes up the residual volume is utilized for gas exchange between breaths. When you take a breath in, you draw atmospheric oxygen into your lungs, which replenishes the oxygen-depleted residual air for gas exchange in the alveoli.
There is no way to measure residual volume directly, but it can be calculated indirectly with a pulmonary function test. Other lung volumes and capacities must first be measured directly, usually with spirometry , before RV can be calculated. Measurement of the FRC can be done using one of the following three tests.
During a helium dilution test, you would breathe from a container containing a known fraction of helium gas. A spirometer measures the change in the concentration of the gases in the container.
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