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Subscriber sign in You could not be signed in, please check and try again. However, Bismarck had no intention of weakening Austria, a potential ally, more than necessary. The preliminary treaty of Nikolsburg July 26 was followed Aug.
Against Italy, the Austrians had won victories on the land, at Custozza, and on the sea, at Lissa. Nevertheless, the peace treaty forced Austria to cede Venetia to Italy. On the other hand, contrary to what it had done during the German-Danish War, it did not act directly to assist the victims of the conflict.
The war ended with the Prussian victory at Sadowa. Austria acceded to the Geneva Convention three weeks later, on 21 July Austro-Prussian-Italian War, By 27 June, Prussia suffered defeat to Hanover at the Battle of Langensalza, but the presence of other Prussian troops in the area meant that the Hanoverians were surrounded and forced to surrender anyway. While the campaign against the German states continued, three Prussian armies marched to face the Austrians in Bohemia then in the Austrian Empire, now in the Czech Republic.
The Army of the Elbe and the First Army fought and won minor battles on 26 June, which enabled them to cross the River Iser north of Prague and link up. The third Prussian Force, Second Army, was involved in a tough battle at Trautenau on 27 June to try and gain control of a mountain pass to cross into Austrian territory.
Although the Austrians managed to push the Prussians back, they lost thousands of men in the process, and later in the day, the Prussians were able to force an Austrian retreat elsewhere, at Nachod, and secure a different route through the mountains. All three Prussian armies were now in Austrian territory. Over the next few days, there were various battles as the Austrians retreated and the Prussians advanced.
All resulted in Prussian victories. The emperor refused, and Benedek felt he had no choice but to make a stand. He received confirmation of this late on 2 July and planned to attack the next day with two of his armies, hoping that the last one, the Second Army, would be able to arrive at some point during the battle. At the start of the day, the Prussian Second Army had not arrived, and the Army of the Elbe was held up crossing the river, meaning that the First Army had to take on the bulk of the early fighting.
Although heavily outnumbered, the First Army was able to hold the Austrians off. A lot of the battle took place in the Swiepwald, forest terrain offering good cover for the Prussians to reload their rapid-fire needle guns and pick off the advancing enemy.
The Austrians were armed with rifles that needed to be reloaded via the muzzle, in a standing position, leaving them exposed during the reloading process. The Peace of Prague was officially signed on 23 August It marked the end of the idea that Austria would be part of a unified Germany and gave Prussia total dominance in the region.
The defeat of Austria and the other German states which had opposed it enabled Prussia to turn its attention to France, which it defeated in the war of to gain control of Alsace-Lorraine. In the aftermath of this war, Germany was officially unified under Emperor Wilhelm I, the Prussian king. Impact In the midth century, the German-speaking people of Europe lived in many different states, the most powerful of which were Austria and Prussia.
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